So, upon arriving in Qom, Khomeini sought the guidance of Mirza Ali Akbar Yazdi, a scholar of philosophy and mysticism. Khomeini's studies included Islamic law ( sharia) and jurisprudence ( fiqh), but by that time, Khomeini had also acquired an interest in poetry and philosophy ( irfan). Khomeini accepted the invitation, moved, and took up residence at the Dar al-Shafa school in Qom. The following year, Ayatollah Haeri Yazdi transferred the Islamic seminary to the holy city of Qom, southwest of Tehran, and invited his students to follow. In 1920, Khomeini moved to Arak and commenced his studies. Īfter World War I arrangements were made for him to study at the Islamic seminary in Esfahan, but he was attracted instead to the seminary in Arak, under the leadership of Ayatollah Abdul Karim Haeri Yazdi.
Throughout his childhood, he would continue his religious and secular education with the assistance of his relatives, including his mother's cousin, Ja'far, and his elder brother, Morteza Pasandideh. The following year, he began to attend a local school, where he learned mathematics, science, geography, and other traditional subjects. Ruhollah Khomeini began to study the Qur'an, Islam's holiest book, and elementary Persian at age six. Khomeini's mother and one of his aunts proceeded to raise him until 1918, when both of them died. Many historians today believe his father may have been the victim of a local dispute. Khomeini's supporters assert that Khomeini's father was killed by Reza Shah, however this Shah would not come to power for another twenty-six years. Khomeini's father was murdered when he was still an infant. Khomeini's paternal grandfather, Sayid Ahmad Musawi, spent many years in India before returning to Persia to purchase a home in Khomein that his family would own until the late twentieth century. Several of his close ancestors were dedicated to Islamic studies: his father and both of his grandfathers were all Shia clerics. Khomeini is called a sayyid as his family traces its descent from the seventh of the Twelve Imams, Musa al-Kazim. Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini was born to Mustafa Musawi and Hajiyah Aga Khanum in the town of Khomein, about 300 kilometers (180 miles) south of Tehran, on September 24, 1902.
Khomeini is usually known as Imam Khomeini inside Iran and amongst his followers internationally, and Ayatollah Khomeini outside of Iran. The "virtual face of Islam in Western popular culture," Khomeini was named Man of the Year in 1979 by TIME magazine, and became known outside of his supporters as a "fanatic whose judgments are harsh, reasoning bizarre and conclusions surreal" who "inculcated fear and distrust towards Islam" during his reign.
Abroad he was known for his support of the hostage takers during the Iranian hostage crisis and his fatwa calling for the death of British citizen Salman Rushdie. In his writings and preachings he expanded the Shi'a Usuli theory of velayat-e faqih, the "guardianship of the jurisconsult (clerical authority)" to include theocratic political rule by Islamic jurists and to provide the theological basis for his rule of Iran.īeloved by millions of Iranians, and hated by many more Khomeini was a "charismatic leader of immense popularity," and both his return from exile and his funeral were occasions of great emotional outpouring for millions.
Khomeini was a marja or marja al-taqlid, ("source of emulation"), (also known as a Grand Ayatollah) in Twelver Shi'a Islam, but is most famous for his political role. Following the revolution and a national referendum, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader-a position created in the constitution as the highest ranking political and religious authority of the nation, until his death. Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini ( Persian: pronounced ) ( 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian religious leader and scholar, politician, and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the late Shah of Iran. Khomein, Markazi Province, Persian EmpireĪhmad, Mostafa & others grandchildren: Hassan, Hussein, Ali Khomeini & Ali, Zahra, Atefeh Eshraghi
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